Accessing to UPnP Contents:zh TW

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UPnP 是什麼

UPnP出現在Universal Plug & Play，它是個網路協定用在家庭網路中提供自動找尋裝置及服務。 這個 UPnP A/V (針對 Audio/Video) 片語定義幾個裝置用的偏好設定，以便容易分享多媒體檔並讓它們得以播放。 這個 UPnP Media Server 偏好設定適用的裝置具備分享檔案給其他實作 UPnP Media Player 或 UPnP Media Renderer 偏好設定的裝置。也就是說 UPnP Media Server 提供分享的檔案供 UPnP Media Player 或 UPnP Media Renderer 瀏覽及播放。

所有的尋找與廣播訊息會被使用XML/SOAP協定 over HTTP "multicasted" 到網路。 所有資料如同檔案傳輸透過 HTTP 協定相當容易完成，因此 UPnP Media Servers 實作上就像放個 HTTP Web Server 般容易，而相對上 UPnP Media Players 則像個 HTTP Web Client。

關於 UPnP 的各項標準與偏好設定的進階訊息請參考 UPnP 協會網站.

使用 GeeXboX 存取 UPnP Media Servers

GeeXboX 使用不同於上面提到的方式來存取 UPnP Media Servers 分享的內容。 GeeXboX 嵌入了一個 UPnP 控制點軟體，它可以自動找出所有你家庭網路中所有 UPnP Media Servers，而且它簡單的掛載其內容到一個專用掛載點(/mnt/UPnP)到你的系統中。

如此我們就不需要增加任何 UPnP 相關的擴充給 MPlayer 播其分享的內容。 所有 Media Servers 分享的內容會在 GeeXboX 的選單中如同系統中的檔案般出現，有點類似 Samba 或 NFS 那樣的運作機制。這意味著這項運作對終端使用者具備完全通透性(意即不需額外設定與學習)。

UPnP 控制點被我們用來尋找並掛載 UPnP Media Servers 內容的軟體是 djmount，這個軟體由 Rémi Turboult 所寫，使用 FUSE 在使用者模式下掛載 UPnP Media Servers 內容。

UPnP Media Servers 與多媒體內容共享

為了透過 UPnP 共享內容給你的 GeeXboX 系統，你需要一個 UPnP Media Server 相容裝置或軟體。

有很多公司在賣嵌入式 NAS 裝置，它們已經具備 UPnP 相容性，因此理論上這些裝置可以自動被看到並共享內容給 GeeXboX。

你也可以使用某些具備 UPnP A/V 堆疊的軟體以便從你的電腦透過 UPnP 協定共享檔案。

底下是已經測試過可以跟 GeeXboX 合作的軟體列表：

  • Windows Media Connect (WMC) 適合 Windows XP 系統.
  • Ahead Nero MediaHome (NMH) 適合 Windows XP 系統.
  • TVersity Media Server (適合 Windows XP/2k/2003/64 系統 - 免費).
  • TwonkyVision MusicServer++ (適合 Windows, Linux, MAC OS X 及其他系統, 僅分享聲音檔 - 免費).
  • TwonkyVision MediaServer (適合 Windows, Linux, MAC OS X 及其他系統 - 費用 €15.00).
  • GeeXboX uShare (適合 Linux 系統, 我們的免費 UPnP Media Server 實作)。
  • GMediaServer (適合 Linux 系統, 僅分享聲音檔).
  • MediaTomb (適合 Linux 系統, 僅分享聲音及影片檔).

用 Microsoft Windows Media Connect (WMC) 分享多媒體內容

Windows Media Connect (WMC) 是由微軟提供的軟體，用於分享硬碟中的多媒體檔給其他 UPnP A/V 裝置

請注意 WMC 要求 M$ Windows XP SP2 及 .NET FrameWork 1.1。

這軟體支援一個額外認證層讓你可以定義哪個裝置可以存取你的檔案。

當第一次啟動 WMC 時，你應該沒有任何經授權的 UPnP 裝置，因此裝置列表會是完全空的。

Image:WMC-start.jpg

然後，簡單的點擊新增鈕即可選擇可用的 UPnP 裝置。

啟動 GeeXboX 後你將在 WMC 中看到一個新的裝置在列表中。

因為 GeeXboX 此時是唯一的控制點，它並沒有名字，因此它將只顯示為 裝置X。

要分辨裝置的唯一方式就是透過 MAC 位址。

Image:WMC-AddDevice.jpg

一旦裝置被識別出來，簡單的授與認證加入它的存取權限。這只需做過一次即可，因為經授權的 MAC 位址會被存下來以供日後使用。如此這個裝置會被加入主授權裝置清單中。你可以看到它被啟用而且你可以為它命名。

Image:WMC-ListDevices.jpg

You can also define which files you want to share to other UPnP devices.

Simply note that WMC doesn't keep the locations as it but do a conglomerate of all your share locations and files and sort them virtual directories, by type.

And of course, you can add new share location using the Add button.

And finally, you can edit the few WMC Settings, to automatically start it as a service at Windows startup, that way, your files will always be accessible to GeeXboX.

That's it, you've done with configuring WMC. You're now able to access to all of your computer's shared files through GeeXboX.

用 Ahead Nero MediaHome Server (NMH) 分享多媒體內容

The Ahead company, responsible for its Nero Suite has released one great UPnP Media Server software (a way better than WMC is) than is naturally compliant with GeeXboX. It's overall advantage is to be able to share much more files formats than WMC does but it also supports file transcoding using the NeroRecode API. It also let you access to remote contents and lets you share through UPnP Samba shares from another computer (a thing so stupid and easy to do that WMC does not). You do not have to declare which devices from your home network are authorized to access to UPnP contents though.

You can get Nero Media Home there.

The first thing then, when starting it up is to declare the locations you wan t to share through UPnP.

Note that you can also define which kind of files are shareable. The drawback is that you can only share supported files, which unfortunately does not include OGM or MKV files.

There comes the settings menu.

There you can define whether or not you want NMH to be started as a service at Windows startup but can also decide if you want to share all files extension (even the one you didn't wanted to share in normal way).

There comes the newtok menu.

It lets you define the name under which the NMH server will be displayed under GeeXboX. You can also determine on which port you want the server to run. You may want/need to fix it to some specifically determined port in case you're using a firewall on your LAN (do not forget to accept incoming connections on that port number then). You can also define on which interfaces, the UPnP server will be accessible.

Now comes the WebServices menus.

This menu lets you decide whether or not you want to provide access to remote (Internet) contents to your home network using NMH as a Web proxy. It should be useless if you have a working network setting on GeeXboX, that should already be able to access to Internet contents then.

Now comes the transcoding menu, which can be really usefull in many situations.

Using this menu, you can force the transcoding of files (whatever their type or codec) into another one, to be specified. Theorically, GeeXboX is able to read much more audio/video formats than Nero does. But lets suppose you're using an old computer as GeeXboX. Using the transcoding (which will require much CPU) on your Windows XP main computer, and converting the high CPU consumer files in real time to a less CPU dependant codec (like MPEG 1 or 2), you can have a silent powerless GeeXboX computer reading new HD videos.

At last comes the status menu.

There you can see the activity of the files accessed and transfered. That's it for NHM, hope you'll enjoy. Oh by the way, don't forget to click on the Start Server button to share files through UPnP :-)

用 TwonkyVision Music Server 分享多媒體內容

TwonkyVision is another company that provide a UPnP Media Server. They provide 2 kind of Media Server :

  • Music Server which can be downloaded for free (but it is _NOT_ a free software, so you won't have the sources). It's advantage is to be costless, so you try it before you buy it. It's also available for a lot of platforms, including Windows, Linux, MacOSX, but is also available for embedded systems like the Linksys NSLU2, the KuroBox and many other NAS embedded devices. See the TwonkyVision website for more details ([1]). It's main drawback is that it only share Audio files and absolutely not Video files.

Sharing contents through TwonkyVision MusicServer is pretty easy to do : 

./musicserver -friendlyname "Music Server" -contentdir /shares

That would simply start the server which will be displayed under GeeXboX as "Music Server" and will share all files included in the /shares directory and subdirectories.

  • Media Server which is the upper version of Music Server and that can share much more files including the Video ones. It's drawback is that you have to buy it (but prices are cheap).

用 GeeXboX uShare 分享多媒體內容

最後一個但是絕非最不重要的一個，GeeXboX 團隊也提供自己的愛用者一個 UPnP A/V 多媒體伺服器軟體，用來分享所有被 GeeXboX 認得的多媒體檔。目前在 Linux 下工作正常，但是也只在 x86 上測試過而已。也許可以移植到其他 CPU 或 Unix 系統下。

uShare 可以從GeeXboX uShare下載，這邊是該網站的翻譯。

要用 uShare 分享內容相當容易： 

 ushare -c /path/to/content/directory -c /path/to/content/directory2 ...
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